Recursive Percentage based Hybrid Pattern Training for Supervised Learning

Supervised learning algorithms, often used to find the I/O relationship in data, have the tendency to be trapped in local optima as opposed to the desirable global optima. In this paper, we discuss the RPHP learning algorithm. The algorithm uses Real Coded Genetic Algorithm based global and local searches to find a set of pseudo global optimal solutions. Each pseudo global optimum is a local optimal solution from the point of view of all the patterns but globally optimal from the point of view of a subset of patterns. Together with RPHP, a Kth nearest neighbor algorithm is used as a second level pattern distributor to solve a test pattern. We also show theoretically the condition under which finding several pseudo global optimal solutions requires a shorter training time than finding a single global optimal solution. As the difficulty of curve fitting problems is easily estimated, we verify the capability of the RPHP algorithm against them and compare the RPHP algorithm with three counterparts to show the benefits of hybrid learning and active recursive subset selection. The RPHP shows a clear superiority in performance. We conclude our paper by identifying possible loopholes in the RPHP algorithm and proposing possible solutions

Ti4+ Substituted Magnesium Hydride as Promising Material for Hydrogen Storage and Photovoltaic Applications

In order to overcome the disadvantages of MgH2 towards its applications in on-board hydrogen storage, first principle calculations have been performed for Ti (2+, 3+, and 4+) substituted MgH2. Our calculated enthalpy of formation and H site energy implies that Ti substitution in Mg site reduces the stability of MgH2 which improve the hydrogen storage properties and Ti prefers to be in +4 oxidation state in MgH2. The bonding analyses through partial density of states, electron localization function and Bader charge of these systems confirm the existence of iono-covalent bonding. Electronic structure obtained from hybrid functional calculations show that intermediate bands (IB) are formed in Ti4+ substituted MgH2 which could improve the solar cell efficiencies due to multiple photon absorption from valence band to conduction band via IBs and converts low energy photons in the solar spectrum also into electricity. Further, our calculated carrier effective masses and optical absorption spectra show that Ti4+ substituted MgH2 is suitable for higher efficiency photovoltaic applications. Our results suggest that Ti4+ substituted MgH2 can be considered as a promising material for hydrogen storage as well as photovoltaic applications

Literary Reinterpretations and Principles in Moral Texts

Grammar is an expression of political, educational and linguistic changes that take place in each era. It seems that the chronological structure of Tamil language and the lists of books have been extended through Tamil studies. However, Tolkappiyam is still the first complete text in the Tamil language. Although this book is a grammar book, it is also a book that tells the life of the ancient Tamil people. Tolkappiyam records five grammars under three divisions letter, word and meaning. Sangam literature depict the life of the ancient Tamil people. Moral literature tries to regulate ancient people's lives. Sangam literature tells the lifestyle of the people. Although the ethics of moral literature started in the literature of the Sangam period, most scholars include literature of the Sangam period in the list of virtues. The reason for such inclusion can be attributed to the extension of the list of charities. A comparison with grammar texts is essential to clarify the linguistic relevance of the texts. This article aims to investigate the archaic linguistic reference material in Pathinenkeelkanaku text and to bring out the linguistic structural features. It also reveals the difference in referential meaning used by the speakers in the literal languages, without referring to the context which has been rejected by the researchers. This article explores the referential perspective of the idioms and presents the implications

Development and Validation of RP-HPLC Method for Rapid Simultaneous Estimation of Calcium Pantothenate and Biotin in Pure and Tablet Dosage Form

AIM AND OBJECTIVE: The drug analysis plays an important role in the development of drugs, their manufacture and the therapeutic use. Pharmaceutical industries rely upon quantitative chemical analysis to ensure that the raw materials used and final product obtained meets the required specification. The number of drugs and drug formulations introduced in to the markets has been increased at an alarming rate. These drugs or formulation may be either in the new entities in the market or partial structure modification of the existing drugs or novels dosage forms or multi component dosage forms. The drug selected for the present study is biotin and calcium pantothenate in tablet dosage form containing multi-vitamins and multiminerals. A review of literature reveals that only few chromatographic and spectrophotometric methods have been reported for the estimation of biotin and calcium pantothenate separately but not in simultaneous method. So my prime aim is to develop a simple, rapid, efficient, accurate, reproducible, less time consuming and reliable new validated chromatographic method of analysis for biotin and calcium pantothenate in pharmaceutical dosage form. The objective of the research is as follows: Development of rapid, sensitive and accurate reverse phase HPLC method for the simultaneous estimation of biotin and calcium pantothenate. To estimate biotin and calcium pantothenate simultaneously from tablet dosage form by developed method and validation of proposed method. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION:Cosmosil C18 column as stationary phase and phosphate buffer: methanol (70: 30) as a mobile phase and 210 nm is selected for the detection in this RP-HPLC. The system precision shows RSD value obtained was below 1 which indicate precision and system suitability indicates retention time for calcium pantothenate and biotin were 4.53 and 9.79 respectively. Co-effecient of correlation for calcium pantothenate and biotin denote sensitivity. Quantitative estimation of calcium pantothenate and biotin gives accuracy which lies between 98.35% – 101.75% for calcium pantothenate and 98.58% - 100.98% for biotin. By using system to system suitability and analyst to analyst variability all the parameters met the system suitability. The percentage purity of calcium pantothenate and biotin lies in between 103.71% and 105.16% respectively. The proposed RP-HPLC method was simple, precise, rapid & accurate and involves easy sample preparation. The linearity, reproducibility and recovery data confirms no major interferences in the assay determination. So, this method can be used for routine quality control analysis of this drug

COMPUTATIONAL SCREENING AND MOLECULAR DOCKING OF LICHEN SECONDARY METABOLITES AGAINST SEVERE ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME-COV-2 MAIN PROTEASE AND SPIKE PROTEIN

Objective: At present, the coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 pandemic is increasing global health concerns. This coronavirus outbreak is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2. Since, no specific antiviral for treatment against COVID-19, so identification of new therapeutics is an urgent need. The objective of this study is to the analysis of lichen compounds against main protease and spike protein targets of SARS-CoV-2 using in silico approach. Methods: A total of 108 lichen compounds were subjected to ADMET analysis and 14 compounds were selected based on the ADMET properties and Lipinski’s rule of five. Molecular docking was performed for screening of selected individual lichen metabolites against the main protease and spike proteins of SARS-CoV-2 by Schrodinger Glide module software. Results: Among the lead compounds, fallacinol showed the highest binding energy value of −11.83 kcal/mol against spike protein, 4-O-Demethylbarbatic acid exhibited the highest dock score of −11.67 kcal/mol against main protease. Conclusion: This study finding suggests that lichen substances may be potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2

Fixed drug eruption associated with fixed combination of fluoroquinolone-nitroimidazole

Fixed drug eruptions (FDE) are cutaneous adverse drug reaction characterized by well demarcated erythematous plaques which on removal of the offending agent resolves with residual hyperpigmentation patches at the site. FDE to nitroimidazoles and fluoroquinolones have nevertheless been infrequently reported. Awareness about the adverse reaction to the fluoroquinolone-nitroimidazole combination drug and also the likelihood of recurrence with same or similar drugs and the possible cross reaction is eminent. Hereby we report one such case of FDE to ciprofloxacin/tinidazole combination

Intravenous ondansetron induced hypersensitivity reaction: a case report

Ondansetron a selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist has been widely used as a prophylactic antiemetic for chemotherapy induced and anaesthesia related nausea and vomiting. Anaphylaxis and anaphylactoid reaction rarely occur in less than 1% of the patients and may lead to potentially life-threatening events. This study is one such rare case report of hypersensitivity reaction to intravenous ondansetron in a perioperative setting. Familiarity about anaphylactoid reactions to intravenous ondansetron among the health practitioners would help them to bring about a rational approach to decrease its incidence

A study on clinical profile, management and outcome in pediatric patients admitted with scorpion envenomation

Background: Scorpion envenomation is a common medical emergency. The main aim is to study clinical profile, management and outcome.Methods: Prospective observational study of Scorpion envenomation cases for six months. case sheets were analysed for clinical profile, symptoms, complications, management and outcome.Results: During the study period first 50 cases were admitted and treated for the following results 66% were males and 34% were females, 46% were upper extremity and 54% were lower extremity. common clinical symptoms are pain at site, autonomic storm, palpitation, headaches, abdominal pain, altered sensorium, vomiting. 40% of patients received prazosin with 1-2 hrs. the major complications were myocarditis, encephalopathy, Peripheral circulatory failure & congestive cardiac failure. There was no mortality in this study.Conclusions: The study finding shows that early and effective use of prazosin treatment showed good outcome in patients. Less complications were seen in patients those who received the first aid. This study concludes that majority of patient were exposed to complication due to shortfall in education, awareness and pre-hospitalization. We, as a clinical pharmacist, tried to create awareness and provide education to health care workers in all primary health care center through distributing pamphlets to general public in and around hospital